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Open Source Apple Hardware Linux Technology

Hector Martin Promises To Bring Linux To the M1 Chip (softpedia.com) 139

Joe2020 writes: Famous developer Hector Martin who put Linux on the PS4 now wants to port Linux to the new Apple M1, and he wants to do it with the help of crowdfunding by making it his full-time job. One can find his official pledge for support here. "Since these devices are brand new and bespoke silicon, porting Linux to run on them is a huge undertaking. Well beyond a hobby project, it is a full-time job," the developer explains.

"The goal is to bring Linux support on Apple Silicon macs to the point where it is not merely a tech demo, but is actually an OS you would want to use on a daily driver device. To do this, there is a huge amount of work to be done. Running Linux on things is easy, but making it work well is hard. Drivers need to be written for all devices. The driver for the completely custom Apple GPU is the most complicated component, which is necessary to have a good desktop experience. Power management needs to work well too, for your battery life to be reasonable," the dev explains. Martin says he hopes to have enough donations to purchase the new Apple Silicon-powered devices and hire other people to help with the job.

Slashdot reader NoMoreACs also shared the news via Mac Rumors.
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Hector Martin Promises To Bring Linux To the M1 Chip

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  • Fantastic (Score:5, Interesting)

    by saloomy ( 2817221 ) on Tuesday December 01, 2020 @08:03PM (#60784188)
    This sounds like a worthwhile endeavor. The new machines are nice, their CPUs have been lauded. With Apple's stance on VPNs in Big Sur, it sure would be awesome to run Linux on one of these machines, and maybe even virtualize Mac OS on top. Also, Linux desktop experiences are getting better, especially with many applications moving online.
    • by Kiliani ( 816330 )

      Could not agree more. They seem nice little platforms for portable computing – the first platform that runs quite fast, can run computations for several hours *and* I don't need an AC outlet all day? Plus a price I can afford (price per performance seems quite decent on the small M1 laptops of course they can still screw this up on the 16 inch M1 ;-) . Been waiting for this for 20 years ...

      • I see no difference between this and any other "lost cause" gofundme campaigns. It is completely within Apple's rights (and habits) to mess around with this guy's work by changing firmware blobs' or verified boot behaviour just enough to break whatever he creates.

        The best he can hope for (and I think he does) is that it'll be a neverending paid gig of cat and mouse games with Tim Apple. Probably followed by a cease and desist DMCA letter if he gets too close to full support.

    • This sounds like a worthwhile endeavor.

      For Apple, its a test of their Secure Enclave that is designed to prevent this sort of thing. The execution of code not signed by Apple.

      • by night ( 28448 )

        This isn't hack, there's no exploit needed, just a selection in the firmware to allow booting of an OS not signed by Apple.

        • by drnb ( 2434720 )

          This isn't hack, there's no exploit needed, just a selection in the firmware to allow booting of an OS not signed by Apple.

          You assume Apple allows the Secure Enclave to be turned off. See iPhone, where Secure Enclave originated.

  • What the heck, I think I'm actually going to give this guy some money.

    • by aitikin ( 909209 )

      Considering that as well. But you'll pry my 2020 16" Intel MacBook Pro from my cold dead hands. I'm quite glad I went so far as to configure it with 64GB of RAM...

      • That's how I feel about my 2015 13" MacBook Pro as well. It's still running like a champ...

        • That's how I feel about my 2015 13" MacBook Pro as well. It's still running like a champ...

          As is my 2012 15" non-retina MacBook Pro. Just maxed-out the RAM (16 GB) and put in a new HDD (yes, HDD); and it runs great! Boots in about 12 secs, Apps launch instantly, web pages render instantly in Safari. Etc. Ready for another decade's use...

          But I do lust after an ASi Mac!

      • by night ( 28448 )

        Heh, I'm fund of my 2020 16" MBP as well, but the fans ramp up at a drop of a hat. Even minor things like upgrading ITerm to the current release will ramp up the fans.

    • You want to give this guy money so that you can give Apple money to make you bend over backwards to get software running on it?
      • You want to give this guy money so that you can give Apple money to make you bend over backwards to get software running on it?

        Like car aftermarket upgrades, this is either worth it to you, or it is not. And they're asking for donations, not for you to step up to be the next volunteer at the Annual Russian Roulette Championships. Lighten up. People have paid the Kartrashians millions for their narcissistic stupid shit. I can certainly see a far greater waste of time and money, than porting Linux to Apple hardware.

        • You are literally talking about rewarding a company to continue making it harder to for you to run your choice of software. Every dollar that goes to Apple goes towards making their products more and more closed. Making Linux work on this new hardware means people will be paying Apple to produce even more closed off hardware.

          And I wasn't talking about Hector. I was talking about the people who are willing to donate to this. I am allowed to point out people's self-defeating stupidity.
          • You are literally talking about rewarding a company to continue making it harder to for you to run your choice of software. Every dollar that goes to Apple goes towards making their products more and more closed. Making Linux work on this new hardware means people will be paying Apple to produce even more closed off hardware.

            If Apple was as hell-bent going down the closed road as you assume here, then perhaps you can explain why Apple wasted millions to develop and support Boot Camp, which is designed to natively run the OS of their competitor. They also would refuse to even allow any virtualization to run. Apple has done nothing of the sort. And if you truly want to ensure that Linux gets locked out of running on new hardware, then by all means don't support any efforts to port it. That way, we can really stick it to the T

            • then perhaps you can explain why Apple wasted millions to develop and support Boot Camp

              Because they know they can get many millions more from people who want to convert to Apple but also don't want to ditch their investment in Windows applications that they've bought? Are you really delusional to think they created Boot Camp to embrace openness out of the goodness of their hearts? REALLY?

              And if you truly want to ensure that Linux gets locked out of running on new hardware

              It's already locked out. Not sending a message to Apple is what's ensuring it'll be locked out perpetually.

              Yours merely comes with an extra bonus of punishing the Linux community.

              This is nonsense. Linux is not punished because it wasn't ever going to be running on these new M1s i

          • Making Linux work on this new hardware means people will be paying Apple to produce even more closed off hardware.

            But it won't work (at least not properly). Just like the projects to run Linux on the iPhone, it's a fun thing but it's not actually useful. Yes it boots but you don't have graphics drivers, camera drivers or other device features. And the various iPhone Linux projects started back when the iPhone first came out so if you want to see where this project will be in the next decade just look at those projects.

            I just can't see what the point of this is aside from a "hey look I can boot the Linux kernel on this

    • What the heck, I think I'm actually going to give this guy some money.

      First ask yourself: Isn't the Secure Enclave supposed to prevent precisely this sort of stuff? Executing code at boot time that is not signed by Apple.

      • That's actually a good question for someone who's purchased an M1 Mac - can the secure boot be turned off, as can be done on all the Intel Macs which include it?

        • by night ( 28448 )

          Yes, it's been verified you can turn off secure boot to allow an OS not signed by Apple to boot. There's a warning because it reduces security, but it's just a standard feature of the firmware.

          • by drnb ( 2434720 )

            Yes, it's been verified you can turn off secure boot to allow an OS not signed by Apple to boot. There's a warning because it reduces security, but it's just a standard feature of the firmware.

            Wow, I expected the iPhone approach.

          • There's no way this feature will still exist in five years. Apple has been working tirelessly to make their computers virtually identical to their iOS step-siblings and it's only a matter of time before they're just as locked down. Given that Linux and Windows don't work natively now on the M1 and that it will likely take years to perform a proper Linux port (just getting working GPU drivers will probably be a nightmare), Apple will take that opportunity to say that no one is interested in running other O
  • Can they load the binary graphics driver from a Darwin container similar to the way Sailfish and Ubports load Android drivers?

    Running Open GL over Vulkan over Metal is already possible with Zink and MoltenVK.

    • by Cyberax ( 705495 )
      No. The underlying OS is completely different. The closest analog was NDISWrapper project for WiFi drivers, but a GPU is order of magnitude more complex than that.
    • I was actually thinking something similar. I think it would make sense to use Darwin as the kernel, add a Linux compatibility layer, and then you get the best of both worlds. Let Apple do a decent amount of the work for you.

      People have tried something similar before, with OpenDarwin and Pure Darwin, [puredarwin.org] but I believe both projects are inactive. Apple has released the Darwin source for years. It's too bad no one has made a successful distro based on it. I believe it's primarily because, as a hybrid kernel, there

      • I was actually thinking something similar. I think it would make sense to use Darwin as the kernel, add a Linux compatibility layer, and then you get the best of both worlds.

        What would be the point of that though? Maybe you can find some extreme niche where that has some amount of value but then that just ends up like OpenDarwin and PureDarwin which is an interesting experiment but not actually useful enough to be worth devoting any time to beyond the initial "can it be done".

        • Well I was thinking that it could be extended so the *nix GUIs could run on them. It would allow people who don't want to run macOS to still use the hardware, like the current subset of Mac hardware users who run Linux.

          • Sure but today it's an Intel processor and an AMD (or integrated Intel) GPU. This M1 SoC has some ARM processing cores (in a big.LITTLE) configuration but it also has a custom GPU and a lot of custom hardware specifically for image processing, signal processing, crypto, ML, etc... that you would have to reverse engineer and make use of to get comparable performance, it's not just an ARM port. Then when the next hardware revision comes out and they decide to add more specific processors you need to keep play

  • But why? (Score:4, Interesting)

    by ignavusinfo ( 883331 ) on Tuesday December 01, 2020 @09:39PM (#60784408) Journal

    I realize this is a naive question to a potentially hostile audience but I'm really curious: once virtualization on the M1 is in place (which doesn't seem like "if" so much as "when") and Docker is again functional (ditto), what's the point of running Linux on the bare metal? I can think of some abstract reasons (dislike of the MacOS UI, adherence to FSF principles, familiarity) and those are valid enough for sure, but are there functional issues that folks are encountering?

    For background, I'm an old (primarily) Erlang developer and do 90% of my work in Emacs & Docker and really haven't run into any issues on MacOS. Admittedly there'll be additional scrutiny deploying code developed on ARM to Intel but it's not something that'll keep me up at night (and would be true even with Linux on ARM).

    To reiterate: I'm genuinely curious and not trying to start some sort of holy war here.

    • that's why.

      it's one of those things that is so simple it's hard to really explain it or discuss it.

    • what's the point of running Linux on the bare metal?

      Because why not.
      Linux has been ported to an 8-bit micro [slashdot.org] through sheer brute force.
      It is like running Doom on a printer, but at least this would be more useful if he pulls it off.

    • Try looking at it the other way around: I have the software I like (Linux), and this port will provide another high-quality hardware option I can use.

      • Try looking at it the other way around: I have the software I like (Linux), and this port will provide another high-quality hardware option I can use.

        Sure but we've seen this before in countless "Linux running on a XYZ device", the result is swathes of proprietary hardware (there's a lot more than just the ARM processor in the M1 SoC) that never gets support. It will be a nice experiment but it will never really work properly and never be useful enough to justify its maintenance and development burden - just look at all the people who use a Linux-based iPhone for example (and the iPhone came out 13 years ago). The M1's speed and power efficiency doesn't

    • If you want a fully open source OS. Also, that might (not: will) help find out if anything in the hardware phones home.
    • It's a very useful way out, once Apple deems the hardware as obsolete. They're pretty good with this, usually 7 or more years until the yearly OS upgrades stop. However, it's happened with 1st generation hardware, like the original iPad, that they don't get much of an upgrade path.

    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      How much RAM does Mac OS use? Because these things come with just 8GB and can't be upgraded.

      Ditto for the SSD. If you buy the 256GB version how much of that space with Mac OS take up?

  • Stop it. (Score:5, Insightful)

    by The Evil Atheist ( 2484676 ) on Tuesday December 01, 2020 @11:00PM (#60784558)
    Punish Apple for closing off their products. Stop giving them money, and stop wasting money supporting a company that doesn't support you.
    • Seconded! Please mod up!
    • by dfghjk ( 711126 )

      Apple supports me just fine. The problem is your definition of the word "support".

      • Given this is a topic about getting Linux to run on it, it's FUCKING OBVIOUS that in this context, support means "support running the software you want". God damn I fucking hate you stereotypical nerds who do the annoying stereotypical nerd thing of "I can destroy your argument by ignoring the obvious context so that I can appear smart".

        Learn to behave like a normal person and realize people talk about things in context, instead of spelling every fucking single detail out.
    • Thank you.

      I'm somebody that's used Apple products for a good long time. I started on an Apple IIgs to give you an idea of how long. But the last system I bought from them slowed down to the point of uselessness far more quickly than any other system I've had from them. I've still got some 2012 Macbooks that are working just fine, but my 2018 iMac is functionally degraded to the point I only use if for one thing in my studio now: updating my Helix firmware. And even that is nightmarishly slow.

      Combine tha

  • Your new Mac will be made in China anyway. At least Lenovo make a proper effort to get Linux running on it.
  • I see zero target group overlap there.

    - Plastic vanity people with no self-respect, wishing for simplicity, decorating themselves with shiny trinkets.
    - Hacker [catb.org] geeks who don't care how things look, but expect freedom and power.

    I'd prefer Linux to stay being our OS, for professional work. Not the slave to some loser's shiny "desktop" / penis crutches.
    The Hilti/Makita that can take your eye out. Not the "simple" IKEA electric screwdriver "safe for kids". Because everything else already is the latter.

  • I don't like recurring payments and don't want to go through the faff of creating a Patreon account, pledging to a supporter tier, and then cancelling after the first payment is taken. Any way I can make a one-time donation to this project?
  • Great idea (Score:4, Funny)

    by jandoe ( 6400032 ) on Wednesday December 02, 2020 @02:20AM (#60784906)

    I always wanted a Linux laptop that can die a quick death by swollen battery, has terrible keyboard and less ports than a Raspberry Pi.

  • by Pravetz-82 ( 1259458 ) on Wednesday December 02, 2020 @03:02AM (#60784968)
    Apple should support this with specs and donations. This way they won't encumber themselves with warranty support for other OSs, but they can still work.
    This will increase the market for their hardware.
    Their ARM system could become the de-facto standard for ARM desktop systems, like the IBM PC did for x86 back in the day.
    I don't see any reason for them to NOT support this.
    • by drnb ( 2434720 )
      Nope, all Apple has to do is offer an M1 Boot Camp utility that supplies the necessary binary drivers written and maintained and updated by Apple. Much like Boot Camp does for Windows on Intel Macs.

      Most interested Linux users would use the binary drivers. Much like they use binary drivers from NVIDIA, configure their PCs to dual boot Windows and Linux, etc.
    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      Won't happen. They locked down those systems heavily and will never open up the specification as it might allow others to repair them.

      It might also open the door to running MacOS on other ARM machines, again something they don't want.

  • by ledow ( 319597 )

    Apple could do it in an afternoon, these guys will take months and tens of thousands of dollars to even make it boot.

    I don't see why that should be necessary in 2020.

  • Can gcc reliably produce executables for Apple-on-arm hardware?

    (I googled, it does not seem to be well supported.)

    I'm under the impression that it would be a huge battle to build a linux kernel with any other compiler.

    • by night ( 28448 )

      GCC and several linux distros support AARCH64, which is what the M1 uses. Clang/LLVM as well. So the tool chain is reasonable. It won't of course help with the unique to Apple hardware, but the basics should work.

  • By the time this project has a 0.1 release, we will have Apple M2, and there would be *no* other manufacturer for M1 chips.

    I get that this is a very nice SoC, resembling a scaled up version of the Raspberry PI with a modern CPU more RAM, and still based on same ARM architecture. That being said, even the open source SoCs required binary blobs, and special handling. And they were purposefully built.

    Here Apple has no intention or need to provide the required binary blobs, nor they would care about driver comp

  • Good he takes some initiative. Apple seems open to the suggestion to OpenSource the GPU drivers. Obviously, this has not happened yet. But it might. Let's see how this evolves.
    Many people want to see this happening, and Apple has only to gain from this. Sounds like a classical win/win situation.
  • A reverse engineer needs to be well-funded to resist the temptation of being hired by Apple to terminate the project.

The use of anthropomorphic terminology when dealing with computing systems is a symptom of professional immaturity. -- Edsger Dijkstra

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