Stories
Slash Boxes
Comments

News for nerds, stuff that matters

Slashdot Log In

Log In

Create Account  |  Retrieve Password

Apple's iTunes DRM Dilemma

Posted by kdawson on Mon Feb 26, 2007 09:47 PM
from the how-FairPlay-works dept.
An anonymous reader writes "Understanding how Apple's FairPlay DRM works helps to answer a lot of questions: why it hasn't been replaced with an open, interoperable DRM that anyone can use, why Apple isn't broadly licensing FairPlay, and why the company hasn't jumped to add DRM-free content from indie artists to iTunes."
+ -
story
This discussion has been archived. No new comments can be posted.
The Fine Print: The following comments are owned by whoever posted them. We are not responsible for them in any way.
 Full
 Abbreviated
 Hidden
More
Loading... please wait.
  • Open DRM? (Score:4, Interesting)

    by Watson Ladd (955755) on Monday February 26 2007, @09:55PM (#18162002)
    How can you have open DRM? Doesn't that mean that anyone can make a program use it and then not put restrictions on the user? And isn't the point of DRM to be obscure and inscrutable by all but the most dedicated?
      • Re:Open DRM? (Score:5, Insightful)

        by CastrTroy (595695) on Monday February 26 2007, @10:41PM (#18162410) Homepage
        Except DRM isn't encryption, because the attacker and the receiver are the same person. You can't compare open encryption to open DRM, because Encryption assumes the key doesn't fall into the hands of the attacker. DRM relies on the fact that the attacker (user) has the key, but that it is obscured somehow. If you made an open source DRM program, it would be trivially easy to edit the program to output the key to a text file, or take the decrypted music and output it to a wav file instead of playing it over the speakers.
      • by vought (160908) on Monday February 26 2007, @11:08PM (#18162588)
        and that iTunes copy of "I like big butts" you bought will play on all mp3 players except the Zune.

        The song is called "Baby Got Back", you insensitive clod!
  • obvious (Score:4, Informative)

    by User 956 (568564) on Monday February 26 2007, @10:00PM (#18162046) Homepage
    Understanding how Apple's FairPlay DRM works helps to answer a lot of questions: why it hasn't been replaced with an open, interoperable DRM that anyone can use, why Apple isn't broadly licensing FairPlay, and why the company hasn't jumped to add DRM-free content from indie artists to iTunes.

    Because the DRM locks people into iTunes + ipod [usatoday.com], and locks out competition. Why do you think they're keeping it?
    • Re:obvious (Score:5, Informative)

      by avalys (221114) on Monday February 26 2007, @10:08PM (#18162136)
      Steve Jobs has publicly stated [apple.com] that the DRM is there only because the record industry demands it, and that if the record industry would allow DRM-free music sales, Apple would remove the DRM from the iTunes Store.

      • Re:obvious (Score:5, Insightful)

        by AHumbleOpinion (546848) on Monday February 26 2007, @10:29PM (#18162330) Homepage
        Steve Jobs has publicly stated that the DRM is there only because the record industry demands it, and that if the record industry would allow DRM-free music sales, Apple would remove the DRM from the iTunes Store.

        Translation #1: Now that iPod monopolizes the digital music player market we no longer need the "loss leader" iTMS sales. iTMS has accomplished its mission of pumping up iPod sales. Now it can transition to a new role, perhaps even become a profit center.

        Translation #2: "Europe" wants to force us to license fair play to others, lets start a FUD/PR campaign and "play the victim"; blame our product's lack of interoperability on the recording industry. It doesn't matter that we ask for something unrealistic, it makes us look like heroes, and give politicians an out after our lobbyists visit them.
        • Re:obvious (Score:5, Interesting)

          by Anonymous Coward on Monday February 26 2007, @10:53PM (#18162504)
          "Translation #1: Now that iPod monopolizes the digital music player market we no longer need the "loss leader" iTMS sales. iTMS has accomplished its mission of pumping up iPod sales. Now it can transition to a new role, perhaps even become a profit center.

          Exactly how does iTMS drive iPod sales?

          We are talking only about 20 songs sold for every iPod sold so far to date. If you say that some folks have purchased multiple iPods or replaced iPods over time ... lets say 5 iPods per person for the fun of it... you still are only talking on average 100 songs per iPod owner. With numbers like that it is hard to state that iTMS sales have driven iPod sales in any radical fashion (not much of an investment lock in)... sure it helps but it would be hard to state it helps in any signification amount compared to the other factors involved (xplat device, iTunes software integration, etc.).

          Also the iPod was rapidly ramping up in unit volumes before the iTMS ever came on the scene.
      • Re:obvious (Score:4, Insightful)

        by j-beda (85386) on Monday February 26 2007, @10:34PM (#18162368) Homepage

        Steve Jobs has publicly stated [apple.com] that the DRM is there only because the record industry demands it, and that if the record industry would allow DRM-free music sales, Apple would remove the DRM from the iTunes Store.

        There is at least some content on the iTunes store that need not have the DRM (ie various independent label works), yet it all does. This might indicate that Apple does indeed desire to use DRM wider than Jobs' statement would seem to indicate.
        • Re:obvious (Score:5, Interesting)

          by dr.badass (25287) on Monday February 26 2007, @10:47PM (#18162450) Homepage
          There is at least some content on the iTunes store that need not have the DRM (ie various independent label works), yet it all does

          There is at least some content on the iTunes store that need not be in 128kbps AAC and cost $0.99 per track, yet it all does. It all stems from the fact that Apple gives one deal to all the independent labels, no negotiation.

          Also consider that any label that doesn't want to use DRM can either stop selling at iTunes (an often ignored option) or sell DRM-free elsewhere.
          • by Shihar (153932) on Tuesday February 27 2007, @12:05AM (#18162954)
            [quote]Or it could be that the big studios required Apple to put DRM on all songs regardless to avoid having to compete with DRM-free music.[/quote]

            It could be, but it isn't. If they did, Apple could just merrily role their eyes and just hand over the contract that states they need to DRM all music, even music not owned by the record labels negotiating to the contract, to anti-trust lawyers and get whatever they want.

            Apple's excuse for DRMing indie labels that don't want it is that 'it is hard' and it might open up 'exploits'. Yeah, they some how can magically offer up non-DRMed podcasts, but indie songs... well, that is just too hard.

            Despite Jobs PR stunt, then reason why Apple has DRM is because it helps Apple. People, it isn't like this is new strategy on Apple's part. There is a reason why you can't install a Mac OS onto a non-Mac (without some serious hacking). It isn't because some evil computer equivalent to the RIAA forces them to demand that their hardware and software come bundled. Apple bundles hardware, software, and content because it is good for their business and locks people into their products. If you can't pull the two apart, it means that you have to throw out the entire package in order to replace it with a competitor.

            Seriously people, open your eyes. It isn't like this is some new Apple strategy. This is the same old thing they have been doing for two decades. The only reason why Jobs is spouting off is because A) it is good PR and B) he knows there is not a slim chance in hell the RIAA will relent from their position. It is really safe to declare that you want a DRM free world, even if you don't, when you know that the powers that be will never let this DRM free world come to pass.
      • Re:obvious (Score:5, Insightful)

        by SEE (7681) on Tuesday February 27 2007, @05:53AM (#18164530) Homepage
        RIAA didn't care at all that RealNetworks was selling DRMed tunes that played on the iPod. If they had, they would have withdrawn their tracks from the RealPlayer Music Store. The only thing that Harmony did was break the iPod-iTMS legal downloads lock-in, and the only party negatively affected by such a break was Apple.

        Apple, of course, turned around and denounced Real for breaking the lock-in, changed the firmware on the iPod to deliberately break Harmony, and thus restored the iPod-iTMS lock-in.

        Of course, now that some countries are pointing out that their laws prohibit such lock-in, so Steve Jobs is claiming that RIAA and technical limitations are the problem. This is a maneuver technically known as "lying your ass off."
            • Re:obvious (Score:5, Insightful)

              by Whiney Mac Fanboy (963289) * <whineymacfanboy@gmail.com> on Tuesday February 27 2007, @02:02AM (#18163610) Homepage Journal
              Uh, because before the transition to Intel Macs, OS X didn't have encrypted binaries. Ignoring the 20+ year history of non-DRM is

              Unbelievably fucking stupid. Apple had no reason to use DRM for 20 years. They weren't 1) Selling Music & 2) Selling software that could run on standard PC hardware.

              They don't stop legitimate users from doing anything they'd like

              Bullshit. Plenty of developers out there would love to legally run os x under vmware (with a properly purchase license).
  • DRM-free content (Score:5, Insightful)

    by noidentity (188756) on Monday February 26 2007, @10:05PM (#18162110)
    I prefer to say "DRM-encumbered content". The definition fits perfectly:

    encumber
    1. To put a heavy load on; burden.
    2. To hinder or impede the action or performance of.
    3. To burden with legal or financial obligations.
  • by hxnwix (652290) on Monday February 26 2007, @10:11PM (#18162178) Journal
    Understanding how Microsoft Zune's DRM works helps to answer a lot of questions: why it hasn't been replaced with an open, interoperable DRM that anyone can use, why Microsoft isn't broadly licensing Zune's DRM, and why the company hasn't jumped to add DRM-free content from indie artists to Zune's store.
  • by linefeed0 (550967) on Monday February 26 2007, @10:16PM (#18162212)
    Excessive verbosity masking rampant Mac fanboyism? Check.
    Fairly good, readable explanations of just those factors favoring Apple's position? Check.
    Pompous platitudes and non-sequiturs about factors not favoring Apple's position? "Apple wants things to be simpler and more efficient, not to offer DRM-free indie tracks next to DRM songs. Duh." Oh yeah. Check.
    Not-so-subtle baiting ("free-software hippies") at Linux and free software advocates throughout? Check.
    Absolute bewilderment at the part of the reader as to why the author would provide so much free PR for Apple? Especially since he likes to insult free software authors for "not getting paid" a couple times each story? Check.
    A belief that the author is actually some kind of analyst despite writing fluff that would feel at home in Apple's officially released press releases and technical notes? Check.
    Ooh, a mysterious anonymous submission to /.? Yup. Check.

    "Like reading RoughlyDrafted?" Well I guess I like having my teeth pulled too. It's pretty excruciating to get through each time but I do learn something, I suppose.
  • by Kjella (173770) on Monday February 26 2007, @10:19PM (#18162236) Homepage
    "Understanding how Apple's FairPlay DRM works helps to answer a lot of questions: why it hasn't been replaced with an open, interoperable DRM that anyone can use, why Apple isn't broadly licensing FairPlay, and why the company hasn't jumped to add DRM-free content from indie artists to iTunes."

    The studios demanded DRM. By failing to control the DRM system, the studios made Apple the gatekeeper and now Apple is using it to pressure the studios into offering .99$ songs so Apple can sell 350$ iPods. If Apple opens up, the studios can push whatever prices they like because Apple is nothing more than a commodity store. Why on earth would Apple want to give up on that? Even if they didn't need it to compete with other music players, they've essentially funneled money away from music studios and into the hands of prospective iPod buyers. Suddenly "iPod + music" look like a much better package deal. Every time they resist the studios they get good PR. The cobranding effect is enormous. The studios aren't willing to let go of FairPlay, and Apple can effectively use them as shield. So in summary, they haven't done it because there's no good business reason to whatsoever.
    • by samkass (174571) on Monday February 26 2007, @10:53PM (#18162502) Homepage Journal
      The "license FairPlay" crowd often overlook this point. Right now it's Apple's DRM monopoly against the labels' music monopoly. They battle it out and prices remain reasonable. If Apple loses, it's just the labels against the consumers directly. No more 99c songs... now you'll pay &4.99 for any reasonably popular song (hey it'll still be cheaper than the CD that has the one song you like and 12 you don't).

      In any case, be careful what you wish for. If Apple's forced to open FairPlay expect to pay a lot more for online music.
  • Author is confused (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Coward Anonymous (110649) on Monday February 26 2007, @10:29PM (#18162340)
    The author claims that an iPod cannot sync up with multiple iTunes' because of DRM. This doesn't follow from his explanation of the keys being downloaded from iTunes. Since it is up to iTunes to manage tracks and their respective keys, it's trivial for iTunes to always upload all keys without erasing existing ones. Furthermore, if I have no DRM files in my library, why am I still limited like this. This has nothing to do with the mechanics of the DRM. It's an arbitrary design decision on Apple's part.
    Furthermore, the iPod doesn't orchestrate the sync, iTunes does.

    The explanation about Apple being somehow unable to deal with both DRMd and non-DRMd files is ridiculous. The argument in the article is that Apple can't deal with non-DRMd files because it is too complex given the current infrastructure. At the same time there is a lengthy discussion about how Apple doesn't want DRM in the first place. To me this implies Apple needs the infrastructure to provide non DRMd files. So which is it?
    It is arguable that mixing in non-DRM files would play in Apple's favor in the public relations/good will front. What would the European prosecutors say if Apple started distributing non-DRM files for indy labels that were ok with it? That would more firmly remove the blame from Apple and put it squarely on the music labels'.

  • by JakiChan (141719) on Monday February 26 2007, @10:43PM (#18162430)
    I think he's a bit biased...calling DVDJohn a profiteer and such.

    As for stripping the DRM having little use since you can burn a CD and re-rip...converting AAC to AIFF and then reconverting causes a huge quality loss. I used QTFairUse to strip my AAC encrypted files so I could play them on my Squeezebox. I did it only to play MY music, not to steal any music. But not being able to play my own music on my Squeezebox also made me realize I didn't want to buy iTMS music any more....
  • No, no, no (Score:5, Informative)

    by kbolino (920292) on Monday February 26 2007, @11:28PM (#18162712)
    According to the article,

    "Because iTunes happily converts protected AAC songs into standard, unprotected AAIF CD files when burning a CD, there isn't much point for a user trying to attack the system or steal its keys. The main reason for trying to defeat FairPlay is to exploit the system for the benefit of third parties."

    I have no idea what AAIF means. Redbook CD Audio is just a set of raw PCM streams.

    That aside, my real complaint lies in the statement that "the main reason for trying to defeat FairPlay is ... for the benefit of third parties." This is just false. The CD Audio "happily" produced by iTunes is simply uncompressed AAC audio. That means that all the data that was discarded by the encoder when the file was created is still lost, but the file is back to its original size (a lose-lose scenario, only useful for playing on standard CD players). It's foolish to try to recompress the data--even in AAC format--because new information will be discarded, and the quality will be even less (probably far less) than the original AAC file.

    That's where the value of the unencrypted AAC file lies: it can be used just like an MP3 or similar file in any capable player. The file retains the benefit of the much smaller size, and it can be used on other platforms (like Linux) and on compatible players (like newer car/home stereos, many portable media players). The main use is not for the benefit of third parties, but just so I can play music I payed for in a manner of my choosing (a right protected by existing copyright law).

    The author of the article may understand DRM, but he doesn't seem to grasp the usefulness of the unencrypted AAC file vs. uncompressed CD audio.
        • Re:DRM (Score:5, Informative)

          by DJCacophony (832334) <v0dka.myg0t@com> on Monday February 26 2007, @11:27PM (#18162708) Homepage
          Oh Jesus Christ, more RoughlyDrafted bullshit.
          For those of you who don't already know, RoughlyDrafted is an Apple propaganda blog that abused [googlepages.com] digg [googlepages.com] by using multiple accounts to "digg" their own stories and "bury" any stories or comments expressing an opposing viewpoints. And now they're infiltrating Slashdot.

          Well, now you know the truth. I am posting this as non-AC because I am willing to risk karma for this public service announcement to be heard.


          By the way, if you ever wanted to know why FairPlay isn't interoperable, the short answer is because Apple makes more money that way.
    • by NoMaster (142776) on Tuesday February 27 2007, @03:57AM (#18164036) Homepage Journal

      However, I have gotten burned big-time from Apple this past year from buying TV shows. I have paid Apple way too much money to get several seasons of my favorite shows. Now when I try to convert those shows to watch on my 50" HDTV instead of my little 17" iMac, well, Stevie Jobs will not "let" me. What kind of crap is that?
      Well, you started off well. You pointed out Apple's DRM sucks - not because of its (remarkably few) restrictions, but purely because it's DRM. I think we can all agree with that.

      But then your rant about DRM on iTunes video falls down because, well, you forgot the ol' caveat emptor. You didn't check the DRM restrictions; maybe you just assumed they were the same as for audio? Just as Apple pointed out from the start that you could "bypass" the DRM on iTunes music by burning to CD (with the niggling little - but certainly not onerous - proviso that you can only burn a playlist X number of times), they pointed out from the start that you can't with iTunes video.

      Simply : Apple always told you you can "bypass" the DRM in iTunes music, and even told you how. Likewise, they always told you you couldn't bypass the DRM in iTunes video.

      Apple didn't screw / lie to / cheat you - you were caught out by your own assumptions. Sucks, yes, but it's nobody's fault but your own.

      Seriously, if you get that upset when they've told you the truth all along, how do you fare with the outright lies printed on the box of almost every other piece of hardware or software?

    • by RogerWilco (99615) on Tuesday February 27 2007, @05:09AM (#18164296) Homepage
      If you are no longer using iTunes, then please tell me what legal service you are using today to download these TV shows, that does allow you to write them to DVD. As I understand you, Apple's service is much more restictive as the service you are using now. so please enlighten us, what we should switch to that does allow this, I am not aware of any legal service that gives the options you find missing in iTunes.
        • Re:Cracked? (Score:5, Informative)

          by shmlco (594907) on Tuesday February 27 2007, @04:52AM (#18164226) Homepage
          All QTFairUse does is extract an unprotected audio stream from iTunes. As such, any song extracted has to one purchased by you, and your iTunes player has to be authorized to play it.

          In short, it's a far cry from being able to crack the DRM on any iTMS file, from any source.

          Since iTunes already lets you make an unprotected CD of the music you bought, the only thing QTFairUse really does is let you save to disk instead of CD.

          Wow.

          Yeah, they've made a "fool" of Apple's DRM...